非谓语做定语时,ing形式的目前分词与被修饰词是主动关系,done形式的过去分词与被修饰词为被动关系。
那样下面这两组句子当中,哪一个是正确形式呢?
He had a spirit loving everybody.
He had a spirit loved everybody.
与
He published an article relating to animals.
He published an article related to animals.
是不是判断用ing还是done的规范在于,被修饰词是自己可以发出该动词的动作,还要借用于别的人或物发出?如:
This is a flower grown in a tea cup.
This is a flower growing in a tea cup.
而to do不定式做非谓语则是不是大多数用于强调被修饰词的目或者说是意图。如:
He wants to write a book to introduce animals.
总结一下我的疑问:ing形式与done形式的非谓语,当没办法明确与被修饰词是主动还是被动关系,那样判断用哪一个的规范是什么呢?把非谓语短语写成从句来判断它与被修饰词的主被动关系,确定用ing还是done形式,这种思路是不是可行呢?另外关于我对to do不定式做定语的理解是不是正确呢?
我感觉这类句子是你一个人写的吧?
1. He had a spirit loving everybody. 符合语法,但我好像没见过如此的表达。我会如此写:He had a spiritof love for everyone.
2.He had a spirit loved everybody. (错误)。
3.relating to =about, related to 是有关联的意思。
4. This is a flower growing in a tea cup.(有时也以用目前分词) 比如:Here are 11photos of flowers growing in unusual places.
你对不定式作定语的使用方法理解,一般是如此。至于你提到选择目前分词和过去分词的规范,一般依据是看主动和被动关系。但你需要在扩大积累的基础上做出的选择才会更准确。比如:relating to 可以看作介词,不是分词(朗文字典有这个讲解)。你看不积累行吗?